Charged with Domestic Assault? These Tips are Essential

Domestic Assault Charges: The Basics

As a Colorado criminal defense attorney specializing in domestic assault cases, I know that understanding the nuances and intricacies of these charges is crucial for anyone facing them. Here’s a comprehensive breakdown to help you navigate these challenging waters.

Definition of Domestic Violence in Colorado

Domestic Violence: At its core, domestic violence in Colorado is defined as an act or threatened act of violence upon someone with whom the offender is or has been involved in an intimate relationship. It’s important to understand that domestic violence is not merely limited to physical acts.

Distinction between Assault and Domestic Violence

While both involve acts of harm or threatened harm, the difference between assault and domestic violence lies in the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. Domestic violence specifically pertains to those in an intimate relationship, adding another layer of complexity to the charges and potential defenses.

Emotional vs. Physical Abuse

Many assume that domestic violence solely pertains to physical harm. However, emotional abuse, which can include verbal threats, degradation, or psychological manipulation, can also qualify as domestic violence. Recognizing the signs of emotional abuse is essential as it can be just as damaging, if not more so, than physical abuse.

Determining an Intimate Relationship

In the eyes of Colorado law, an intimate relationship isn’t limited to just those who are currently married or living together.

Spouses and Former Spouses

The most obvious category includes spouses and former spouses. Evidence such as marriage licenses or divorce papers can be instrumental in establishing this relationship.

Current or Past Unmarried Couples

You don’t need to be married to be in an intimate relationship. If you’ve dated someone or even had a brief relationship, it can still qualify. The duration of the relationship and its significance can play pivotal roles in the court’s interpretation.

Parents of the Same Child

If two individuals share a child, regardless of their marital status or the nature of their relationship, they are considered to be in an intimate relationship under Colorado law. Parental rights and the well-being of the child can become significant factors in such cases.

If you or someone you know is facing domestic assault charges in Colorado, it’s crucial to understand the nuances of the law and how it might apply to your situation. Always consult with an experienced criminal defense attorney to ensure your rights are protected and you’re equipped with the best defense possible.

Legal Procedures and Consequences

If you’ve been charged with domestic violence in Colorado, understanding the legal procedures and potential consequences is critical. This section will provide a comprehensive overview of what to expect.

Mandatory Arrest

Explanation

In Colorado, if the police believe there is probable cause that domestic violence has occurred, they are mandated to make an arrest. This policy was adopted to ensure immediate protection for the alleged victim.

Criteria for Arrest

The key criterion for an arrest is the presence of “probable cause.” In simpler terms, if a police officer has reasonable grounds to believe that domestic violence has occurred, they are obligated to make an arrest. Police officers utilize various criteria to make an arrest decision:

Observable physical injuries on the alleged victim.
Statements from the parties involved and any witnesses.
Evidence of a struggle, such as property damage.
Previous calls or complaints related to domestic violence.

Probable Cause Determination

Probable cause is based on evidence suggesting that a crime has occurred and the accused person committed it. It’s a lower standard than the “beyond a reasonable doubt” requirement for convictions.

Rights of the Accused

During the arrest, officers should read you your Miranda rights, reminding you of your right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. It is crucial to exercise these rights to avoid self-incrimination. I repeat: always exercise your right to remain silent. You should always consult an attorney before making any statements to police, prosecutors, or government official.

No-Contact Orders

Post-Arrest Issuance

After an arrest for domestic violence, a mandatory no-contact order is often issued. This prevents the accused from contacting the alleged victim.

Purpose

The primary purpose is to protect the victim from potential retaliation or further harm.

Violations

If you violate a no-contact order, you can face additional charges and penalties, even if the alleged victim initiated contact.

Duration and Modifications

Typically, the no-contact order lasts until the first court appearance. However, it can be extended or modified based on the circumstances. If you wish to appeal or modify this order, consult with your attorney.

Protection Orders (Restraining Orders)

Purpose and Application

Protection orders are designed to protect victims from further harm. In Colorado, anyone in fear for their safety can file for a protection order at their local courthouse.

Types

Temporary Protection Order (TPO): Granted immediately without the accused present. It’s typically valid until the permanent order hearing.
Permanent Protection Order (PPO): Issued after a formal hearing where both parties can present evidence. If granted, it can last indefinitely but can be modified or dismissed later.

Violations and Consequences

Breaching a protection order can result in criminal charges, including jail time, fines, and mandatory domestic violence treatment programs.

Contesting or Modifying

If you believe a protection order is unjustified, you can contest it at the hearing with evidence and witnesses. Modifications are possible later, but you’ll need to demonstrate a change in circumstances.

Firearm Restrictions

Federal and State Prohibitions

Both federal and state laws prohibit those with domestic violence convictions from possessing firearms. This includes convictions for misdemeanor crimes of domestic violence and those subject to qualifying protection orders.

Consequences for Violations

Violating these firearm restrictions can result in federal and state criminal charges, which carry significant penalties, including incarceration.

Reinstating Firearm Rights

The process varies, but it often involves demonstrating rehabilitation, waiting a specified period post-conviction, and possibly petitioning the court. Always consult an attorney for guidance.

Treatment and Counseling

Court Mandated Programs

Many facing domestic violence charges in Colorado are required to undergo treatment or counseling. This mandate aims to reduce the likelihood of re-offending.

Benefits

These programs can offer tools to better manage emotions, understand the root causes of aggressive behavior, and develop healthier relationship skills.

Available Programs

Colorado has various certified domestic violence treatment providers. Each offers different approaches, so you should select one that fits your needs and circumstances.

Enhanced Penalties

When Do They Apply?

Certain factors can lead to enhanced penalties for domestic violence convictions, including if the act was especially violent or if children were present.

Comparison

Standard penalties might include jail time, fines, and mandatory counseling. Enhanced penalties can involve longer jail sentences, higher fines, and extended treatment requirements.

Impact of Previous Convictions

A history of domestic violence convictions can result in steeper penalties for subsequent offenses. The court views repeat offenders as a continued threat, necessitating stricter consequences.

Navigating the complexities of domestic violence charges in Colorado can be daunting. Having a seasoned criminal defense attorney by your side can make all the difference in understanding these procedures and mitigating potential consequences.

Additional Considerations

Navigating through domestic assault charges in Colorado is complex, and there are numerous legal aspects that you must be aware of. Beyond the initial charges and the courtroom process, there are other considerations that can significantly affect your case and life. Let’s delve into these factors.

Civil Consequences

Victim’s Ability to Pursue Damages

If you are accused of domestic violence, the alleged victim may have the option to file a civil lawsuit against you, separate from the criminal case. In a civil suit, they might pursue:

Compensatory Damages: For direct costs like medical bills or property damage.
Emotional Distress Damages: For pain and suffering caused by the incident.
Punitive Damages: To punish the accused if the act was especially heinous.

Possible Outcomes of Civil Suits

Civil cases can conclude in two primary ways:

Settlement: Before the case reaches a court verdict, both parties might agree to a certain amount of money to be paid to resolve the issue.
Court Verdict: If no settlement is reached, the case will proceed to trial where a judge or jury decides the outcome.

Difference Between Civil and Criminal Proceedings

It’s crucial to understand that a civil case focuses on compensating the victim, while a criminal case seeks to penalize the offender. The burden of proof is also different; in civil cases, it’s “preponderance of the evidence”, while in criminal cases, it’s “beyond a reasonable doubt”.

Victim’s Rights in Colorado

Right to be Informed

Victims in Colorado have the right to be informed about the progress of the case, including arrest details, court dates, and any parole decisions.

Right to be Heard

Victims can provide testimony during the trial or offer a victim impact statement, detailing how the incident affected them emotionally, physically, and financially.

Protection from the Accused

The court might order protective measures, ensuring the safety of the victim, especially if there’s a perceived ongoing threat.

Restitution and Compensation for Victims

If convicted, you may be required to pay restitution to the victim, covering costs related to the crime, such as therapy or medical bills.

Mandatory Reporting

Who are the Mandated Reporters?

Certain professionals, like teachers, doctors, and social workers, are legally obligated to report suspected domestic violence to law enforcement.

Consequences of Not Reporting

Mandated reporters who fail to report can face legal penalties, which may include fines or even jail time, depending on the severity of the overlooked crime.

Protections for Reporters Against Retaliation

To ensure the safety and job security of those reporting, Colorado law offers protections against retaliation from employers or institutions.

False Reporting

Legal Definition

False reporting occurs when someone knowingly provides inaccurate information regarding a domestic violence incident, with the intent to deceive law enforcement.

Consequences of Knowingly Making a False Report

Individuals found guilty of false reporting can face legal consequences, which could include fines or imprisonment.

Defense Against False Reporting Accusations

It’s crucial to work closely with your defense attorney if you believe you are being falsely accused. They can employ strategies such as providing alibi evidence, questioning the credibility of the accuser, or proving the impossibility of the alleged incident.

Remember, each domestic assault case is unique. The intricacies of your situation might differ from others, making it crucial to consult with a skilled defense attorney familiar with Colorado’s domestic violence laws.